Ruminants Mycotoxin

Description

(Mycotoxin-binder/absorbent for contaminated diet of the ruminants)

COMPOSITION: Mycotoxifin (ruminant formulation)

Is a unique toxin binder based on latest advances with an optimized formulation for use in livestock nutrition. The Mycotoxifin has been made using the state of the art technology of toxin-binders. For this purpose, special attention has been paid to the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract, the range of effects of each component of the drug, as well as the pathologic effects of mycotoxin-contamination in the nutrition of the animals.
New approaches to formulate the toxin binder (Mycotoxifin) and the use of therapeutic active ingredients from medicinal plants (i.e. thyme, peppermint and few other herbs) along with other components such as minerals and yeast cell wall have resulted in increased efficacy and multi-dimensional effects in final product (Mycotoxifin), such as toxin absorption, toxin degradation, toxin blocking and healing/repairing of the damaged intestinal tissue, thus providing a unique product.
In the manufacturing processes of the product, we used ingredients with a standards and special carriers which protects the ingredients and maintains the quality of the product for a long time (prolonged shelf life) and increases the efficacy of the components. The carrier has nutritional value and therefore can also act as a nutritional supplement for the animals and improve the growth and performance.

PATHOGENICITY OF MYCOTOXINS IN LIVESTOCK: Mycotoxins inflict very harmful effects on the health of the livestock. These compounds have negative effect on all tissues and organs (hepatotoxic, renal toxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity etc) including the liver, kidney, CNS, digestive system and the genital system. High toxicity of mycotoxins is due to several features as follows: their high capacity in penetration into the body via different routes even from skin, the high solubility and their capability in rapidly spreading within all tissues and organs. One of the important organs in livestock animals which are affected by mycotoxins is the genital tract. Some mycotoxins, for example Zearalenone (ZON), have a molecular structure similar to sex hormones. Therefore, if the lactating cattle take ZON -contaminated diet, they will experience some typical and general damages in all organs due to ZON, as well as some organ-specific effects such as negatively affecting the reproductive system due to molecular similarity of ZON to sex-hormones, so the reproductive system (e.g. genital tract, ovary) will be affected significantly. Thus, mycotoxins such as ZON can impose many negative effects on the health of the animal due to their specific structural characteristics. Some of the harmful effects of the ZON are as follows: abortion, increased vaginal discharge, making the affected host predisposed to vaginal infections, swelling/edema of the mammary glands (udder), decreased success rate of insemination, decreased pregnancy rates, increased irregularities and hidden estrus, ovarian cysts and disruption in the production of sex hormones. Moreover, other toxins such as Aflatoxin, T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (DON) reduce the milk production, induce gastroenteritis, intestinal hemorrhage, rumen dysfunction, diarrhea, ketosis, contamination of milk and chronic mastitis. The strong suppressor effect of mycotoxins in milk production can impose the farmers a huge commercial loss. DON is known to be a laminitis- and lameness-inducing agent. However, one should be beard in mind that the mycotoxins can influenced the internal organs and tissues by a slow, gradual and chronic manner and therefore lately diagnosed.

MECHANISM OF ACTION:

Chemically engineered clays we have incorporated one unique, modified clay (patented), which is loaded with magnesium and potassium instead of conventional clays loaded with calcium and sodium. It has an enhanced mycotoxin absorption capacity (particularly polar ones) of about 12 times more than that by conventional organic absorbents (unmodified, intact clays).

Viable yeast the biologically active and non-pathogen yeast, as a probiotic, can produce and release esterase, an enzyme which can transform mycotoxins and make the active groups of mycotoxins to be harmless (catalyzes or deactivates the active groups) within the digestive tract. The esterase and few other types of enzyme within the Mycotoxifin can transform the fumonisins and other types of mycotoxins to less toxic and even up to harmless molecules. Moreover, the yeast growth and proliferation in the rumen restricts the suitable mucosal area for the proliferation of harmful microorganisms and makes the nutritional molecules inaccessible for the microbes. Thus, Mycotoxifin acts as a really entechive probiotic and a growth stimulant.

Yeast cell wall In addition to the live yeasts, the Mycotoxifin contains also hydrolyzed yeasts (fragments on wall). The yeasts cell wall is composed of B-glucans, mannan oligosaccharides fructooligosaccharides (FOSs), and therefore can act as a prebiotic. The yeast cell Wall exhibit a three-axes anti-mycotoxin function; 1) they enmesh the mycotoxins even the ones within their spider warp-like interconnected structure, 2) they contribute to immune stimulation and activation, and 3) they have nutritional value so they can be digested and absorbeu and promoted the animal growth.

Medicinal herbal ingredients
There are four pathways forming the molecular basis of anti-mycotoxin effects of herbal active ingredients of Mycotoxifin as followings: 1) prevention of the toxic and harmful effects of mycotoxins on the liver tissue (hepato-protective and inhibition of hepatotoxicity of mycotoxins), 2) inhibition of severe inflammatory responses; reducing the cytokine (e.g. IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-a) production, 3) the antioxidant effect; limiting the oxidative stress by inducing the glutathione peroxidase (i.e. controls the oxidative stress) and inhibiting the production of harmful malondialdehyde, and 4) the herbal substances of the Mycotoxifin have the both capability of prevention and healing of mucosal damages. In the case of healing the intestinal injuries in animals that consumed mycotoxin-contaminated feed, the drug can help the animal to take advantages of a shorter healing period. In addition, the herbal ingredients of the drug have strong stimulatory effects on production, formation and rearrangement of collagens/fibrins (i.e. constitute the connective tissue) and fibroblasts.

Organic acids
Humic acids (HAs) are produced via biological/chemical reactions; during the process of humifying the organic matter of the soil (humus) which is a result of biological activity of various microorganisms. In fact, HAs are consisted of a mixture of partially and totally humified soil compounds. Therefore, HAs do not have a specific structure but are composed of several intermediate structures, mostly oxidized with negative charge. This combination of diverse structures can trap the mycotoxins as a result of their specific structural features and the negative charge, and then excrete the trapped mycotoxins from the gastrointestinal tract.

THERAPEUTIC FEATURES: Absorption/degradation of polar and non-polar mycotoxins, hepato-protective, regulation of immune function by herbal compounds, stimulating the immune response by yeast cell wall fragments, boosting healing process of mucosal wounds/injuries (i.e. formed due to histopathology of mycotoxins), prevent mold growth, prevent bacterial growth, prevent the harmful effects on reproductive system, and anti-oxidant properties due to blocking the formation of free radicals.

INDICATIONS: For the feed which is suspected for mold growth or mycotoxin contamination, animals showing sub-acute/chronic clinical/post-mortem symptoms of mycotoxin damages, for prevention of mold growth in feed, for prevention of mycotoxins harmful effects.

TARGET ANIMALS: It can be administered for ruminants (e.g. cattle, sheep, and goat) and equine.

INSTRUCTIONS TO USE: a daily dose for each animal can be administered as follows:

• To prevent the mycotoxicosis: 7-10 g/daily/each animal.
• For the moderately contaminated feed: 10-15 g/day/each animal.
• For the highly contaminated feed: 15-20 g/day/each animal.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: None.

CLINICAL TRIALS: In-vitro test results: We measured the mycotoxin absorption capacity of Mycotoxifin by a series of in-vitro tests. The test was done by treating the mycotoxin-contaminated rice. To run experiment, the rice was contaminated with a certain amount of a mycotoxin, placed in a container and then the Mycotoxifin was added to the experiment box. The box containing contaminated rice and the treatment was incubated for 24 h then a sample from the box collected. The amount of remained mycotoxin was measured by HPLC instruments.

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