Description
(Anesthetic, analgesic, sedative/pain reliever)
COMPOSITION:
PI222 contains well-known herbs with anesthetic properties (such as clove) formulated by the support of state of the art knowledge of herbal medicine. The major active ingredients of the drug are Eugenol, Carvacrol, and Eugenol acetate which were equipped together with a precise concentration optimized for fish.
MECHANISM OF ACTION:
An appropriate anesthetic for use in aquaculture should have certain characteristics, including: water-soluble, capable of inducing rapid and stable anesthesia, rapid recovery (short time of returning to normal state), no complications and stressful stimulation (e.g. Ketamine causes hyperactivity/hypersensitivity during recovery), no toxicity against human and environment, safety and wide margin between inductive and lethal doses low cost, and availability. Anesthesia in fish is established with the goal of undergoing fisheries operations such as vaccination, examination, insemination, medical injection/intervention, surgery etc. At the normal state, any physical intervention on fish induces high level of stress and shock which can result in interruption of normal growth and higher incidence of infections. Thus, anesthesia in aquaculture is used for prevention of harmful effects of some manipulations which are routinely done in fisheries. The depth of anesthesia in fish depends on type and dose of the anesthetic drug, and can be ranged from a slight anesthesia; loss of sensation, sedation, reduction of mobility then loss of equilibrium and then full loss of sensation without reflexes and eventually medullary collapse (even death). In brief, the anesthesia in fish can be ordered in three stages including; sedation, handleable, deep anesthesia. The progression of anesthesia is directly dependent on drug dose. If the anesthetic drug dose was higher than the amount of the drug which is metabolized and cleared then the fish can reach deeper stage of anesthesia. Many synthetic anesthetic drugs have side effects and their remaining metabolites may persist for a long time in the tissues and organs of fish, which eventually they will be transmitted to humans by consumption of fish products, which is undesirable in terms of health principles. For this reason, within past years, much attention of fish farmers and scientists was drawn to natural or herbal medicine with the goal of reducing the pain, and inducing safe anesthesia in fish. Clove has been among the plants with many refers to it strong anesthetic properties. Clove is traditionally used by fish farmers and aquaculture industries, but the dosage and method of use vary according to the opinion of each farmer, and therefore unexpected outcome (e.g. lethal) or even no activity have been frequently observed during using the Clove plant material for anesthesia which is the result of inappropriate or misuse of the plant material, wrong dosage (low or high doses), and using the insoluble form of the plant material. For this reason, P1222 has been precisely formulated with adjusted dosage and accurate amount of herbal substances. In addition, non-toxic solvents, stabilizers, emulsifiers and co-emulsifiers have been incorporated in the drug composition, making the drug completely stable, safe and soluble. In fact, P1222 is a combination of various herbal substances (Clove + several other herbal compounds) which act in a synergistic manner and enhance the anesthetic effect while reduce the side effects. The main ingredient within clove is Eugenol, which is usually accompanied by its derivatives such as Acetyl-eugenol. Interestingly, Eugenol has a structural similarity to some of the most famous anesthetics.
THERAPEUTIC FEATURES:
P1222 contains sedative, analgesic and anesthetic herbal active ingredients. Eugenol as the major compound in P1222, is a strong anesthetic agent. However, the level of anesthesia is dependent on the dosage which is applied on the fish. Moreover, Eugenol and few other compounds within the drug are not only the anesthetic but are also anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and relaxing.
INDICATIONS:
The drug can be a slight sedative or deeply anesthetic in a dose-dependent manner. So, in a dose-controlled way, it can reduce the stress and has a good calming effect during the transportation, blood sampling, disinfecting the ulcers, vaccination and injections. By applying a higher dose of the drug (according to dosage instructions), a deeper anesthesia can be reached. serious medical interventions such as surgery can be done by induction of a deep anesthesia sms PI222.
TARGET ANIMALS: The drug can be used in Aquaculture and for any fisheries operations.
INSTRUCTIONS TO USE:
Monitor the movements and physiologic reflexes of the fish until reaching to the desired level of anesthesia. Expose the fish to the drug for at least 1 min by gently transporting the fish into the drug-containing water in a separate container. The following dosages are approved for a medium-weighted adult rainbow trout. Please choose the appropriated dose for your fish based on mean weight of the fish under supervision of a DVM or an expert in aquaculture medicine. please carefully follow the dosage instructions:
- For a slight sedation: mix 1 ml of P1222 per 35 liters of the water.
- To reach a handleable level of anesthesia: mix 1 ml of PI222 per 15 liters of the water.
- For a deep anesthesia: mix 1 ml of P1222 per 5 liters of the water
CONTRAINDICATIONS: None.
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